Welded components in hydrogen technologies along the process chain - production, storage, transport, use -
Source: BAM
Hydrogen is a highly flexible energy carrier that can be used and transported, for example as a compressed gas or in cryogenic, liquefied form. Its wide-ranging use makes it possible to convert various branches of industry (especially the steel or cement industry) and various transportation systems (truck, ship, or air traffic) to a CO2-free basis in a climate-friendly manner. To achieve this, the hydrogen must be produced, stored, and transported before it can be used in a variety of ways. This requires hydrogen technologies along the entire process chain, which require safe operation.
This article provides valuable, brief insights into current plans and the challenges involved in their technical implementation. For that purpose, welding and joining processes are essential for many of the components and parts used. For example, the development of manufacturing processes suitable for mass production is just as important for the electrolytic generation of hydrogen (and also its use in fuel cells) as the use and suitability for joining of the electrode and catalyst materials used. Furthermore, various activities are dedicated to the conversion of the existing natural gas grid for the transport of hydrogen.
Current studies by national technical associations suggest that the gas grid is suitable. At the same time, however, repair issues must also be considered, as well as the general compatibility of materials under hydrogen. In some cases, completely new testing concepts will have to be developed, also in view of the increasingly frequent use of additively manufactured components. Major activities are currently underway to ensure the safety of (welded) parts and components of hydrogen components and vessels. To this end, existing regulations and standards are being screened and the need for their adaptation is being identified.
Investigation of stress relief crack susceptibility of CrMoV steels coarse grain HAZ via simulation of uniaxial stress conditions during PWHT
Denis Czeskleba, Jonathan Nietzke, Michael Rhode, Thomas Kannengiesser,
published in Welding in the World, pages 1–9 (2023).